Brief History of Wireless Communications

Before the ``Birth of Radio'', 1867-1896

• *1867 - Maxwell predicts existence of electromagnetic (EM) waves
• *1887 - Hertz proves existence of EM waves; first spark transmitter generates a spark in a receiver several meters away
• 1890 - Branly develops coherer for detecting radio waves
• 1896 - Guglielmo Marconi demonstrates wireless telegraph to English telegraph office

``The Birth of Radio''

• *1897 - ``The Birth of Radio'' - Marconi awarded patent for wireless telegraph
• 1897 - First ``Marconi station'' established on Needles island to communicate with English coast
• 1898 - Marconi awarded English patent no. 7777 for tuned communication
• 1898 - Wireless telegraphic connection between England and France established

Transoceanic Communication

• *1901 - Marconi successfully transmits radio signal across Atlantic Ocean from
  Cornwall to Newfoundland
• 1902 - First bidirectional communication across Atlantic
• 1909 - Marconi awarded Nobel prize for physics

Voice over Radio

• *1914 - First voice over radio transmission
• 1920s - Mobile receivers installed in police cars in Detroit
• 1930s - Mobile transmitters developed; radio equipment occupied most of police car trunk
• *1935 - Frequency modulation (FM) demonstrated by Armstrong
• 1940s - Majority of police systems converted to FM

Birth of Mobile Telephony

• 1946 - First interconnection of mobile users to public switched telephone
  network (PSTN)
• 1949 - FCC recognizes mobile radio as new class of service
• 1940s - Number of mobile users > 50K
• 1950s - Number of mobile users > 500K
• 1960s - Number of mobile users > 1.4M
• 1960s - Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) introduced; supports full-duplex, auto dial, auto trunking
• 1976 - Bell Mobile Phone has 543 pay customers using 12 channels in the New York City area; waiting list is 3700 people; service is poor due to blocking

Cellular Mobile Telephony

• 1979 - NTT/Japan deploys first cellular communication system
• *1983 - Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) deployed in US in 900 MHz band: supports 666 duplex channels
• 1989 - Groupe Spècial Mobile defines European digital cellular standard, GSM
• *1991 - US Digital Cellular phone system introduced
• *1993 - IS-95 code-division multiple-access (CDMA) spread- spectrum digital cellular system deployed in US
• *1994 - GSM system deployed in US, relabeled ``Global System for
  Mobile Communications''

PCS and Beyond

• *1995 - FCC auctions off frequencies in Personal Communications System (PCS) band at 1.8 GHz for mobile telephony
• 1997 - Number of cellular telephone users in U.S. > 50M
• 2000 - Third generation cellular system standards? Bluetooth standards?